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Zoltán Kodály: Children's choir quotes and the peoples of Eastern Europe and Western Russia

Cheremisses - Chuvashes - Tatars - Magyars

presented by Michael Palomino (2025 - translation with Deepl 2025)

from the notes of the diploma thesis "The Music Pedagogical Conception of Zoltan Kodály"
(German: "Die musikpädagogische Konzeption Zoltan Kodálys" )

by violist Michael Schulz (since 1999: Michael Palomino) - handed over to Prof. Dr. Anselm Ernst - as a student at High Music School of Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany) studying with the violist professors Mr. Ulrich Koch and Mr. Gündel, 30 March 1987

Translation with Translator.eu

Tschuwaschen
tatarisch-finnisches Volk in Russland, rehts und links der mittleren Wolga, hervorgegangen aus der Überschichtung finnischer Volksteile durch alttürkische Stämme. - Die Sprache der Tschuwaschen ist ein selbständiger Zweig des Türkischen, die Fortsetzung des aus dem 13.-15. Jh. bekannten Wolga-Bulgarischen. Die Tschuwaschen leben innerhalb der Russischen SFSR meist in der Tschuwaschischen ASSR, 18.300 km2 (1970) mit 1,224 Millionen Einwohnern, Hauptstadt ist Tscheboksary. [web01]

Cheremisses: own name "Mari"
people of eastern Finland between the middle Volga and the Vyatka. The majority is settled in the ASSR of the Mari, one third in the Bashkir ASSR. Their language belongs to the Finno-Ugric languages. [web01]

Chuvash
Tatar-Finnish people in Russia, on the right and left side of the middle Volga, emerged from the superstratification of Finnish ethnic groups by old Turkish tribes. - the Chuvash language is an independent branch of Turkish, the continuation of Volga-Bulgarian known from the 13th-15th centuries. The Chuvash live within the Russian SFSR mostly in the Chuvash ASSR, 18,300 km2 with 1.224 million inhabitants (1970), capital is the town of Cheboksary. [web01]

Tatars
often erroneously called Tartars, originally a tribe of the Mongols. Then a new people in the Volga basin, in the Crimea and in western Siberia was called like this, which had formed in the state of the Golden Horde from the fusion of immigrant Mongols and Turks with remnants of formerly settled Turkish peoples (Volga Bulgarians, Pechenegs, Cumans, probably also Khazars) with the addition of Volga Finns and Slavs. A branch of Turkish, Tatar, prevailed as the language. [web01]

Magyars
from the region of the Urals, they lived for a long time between the rivers Don, Dnieper and Sereth, mixed with a Turkish upper class, since 896 they have lived in central Pannonia (heartland of today's Hungary). Assimilation of the peoples living here (Germans, Slavs, Daco-Romans, etc. - others: including Cumans.
Subgroups: Szekler - Woiwoden - Nogaier - Knowzen [web01].

Magyars are members of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples, whose original homeland was located in the southwestern foothills of the Urals between the Volga and Kama rivers. At the beginning of the 9th century, conflicts with foreign peoples forced the 7 tribes of the Magyars under the leadership of Arpád (who was from the eponymous tribe of Megyer) to look for new residences, which they finally found in the Danube-Tisza basin and in Transylvania. During this time, the transition from nomadic livestock breeding to agriculture and livestock breeding took place, as well as the initial development of military conditions. [web02]

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